γ-Terpinene
1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-1,4-cyclohexadiene
p-Mentha-1,4-diene · Crithmene · Moslene
化学組成 · Constituent
1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-1,4-cyclohexadiene
p-Mentha-1,4-diene · Crithmene · Moslene
化学組成 · Constituent
γ-Terpinene is widespread in citrus oils and certain grasses. Available data indicates it is safe at standard concentrations.
Skin. At 5 percent on 25 volunteers it was neither irritating nor sensitizing.
Oral. Acute oral LD50 in rats was 3.65 g/kg. Acute dermal LD50 in rabbits exceeded 5 g/kg.
Antioxidant. γ-Terpinene shows considerable antioxidant activity, inhibiting LDL and linoleic acid oxidation, and potently scavenging DPPH radicals.
Mutagenicity. Concentration-dependent. At low concentrations of 0.00005 to 0.1 mM the compound was not genotoxic in human lymphocytes and protected them from DNA damage. At higher concentrations of 0.2 to 1 mM it caused significant increases in DNA damage. At 0.2 mM γ-terpinene showed both genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity.
| Savory (summer + winter) | 1.8 – 42.8 % |
| Ajowan | 14.6 – 35.0 % |
| Cumin | 11.2 – 32.0 % |
| Mandarin leaf | 23.9 – 28.5 % |
| Tea tree | 10.0 – 28.0 % |
| Narcissus | 10.3 – 27.2 % |
| Mandarin | 16.4 – 22.7 % |
| Tangelo | 16.8 % |
| Lime (expressed) | 1.3 – 14.4 % |
| Lemon (expressed) | 3.0 – 13.3 % |
| Yuzu | 12.5 % |
| Bergamot (FCF) | 3.0 – 12.0 % |
| Lime (distilled) | 9.5 – 11.8 % |
| Bergamot | 5.0 – 11.4 % |
| Lemon (distilled) | 8.4 – 10.7 % |
| Marjoram (sweet) | 7.3 – 9.8 % |
| Coriander seed | 0.1 – 9.1 % |
| Oregano | 1.6 – 8.7 % |
| Nutmeg (East Indian) | 1.3 – 7.7 % |
| Plai | 6.5 % |
| Juniperberry | 0 – 5.8 % |
| Bee balm | 0.9 – 5.3 % |
| Pine (dwarf) | 0.1 – 5.0 % |
Antioxidant activity at low doses can become pro-oxidant at high doses. The concentration-dependent genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity of γ-terpinene may be related to oxidative processes.