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Pine (dwarf)

Thông lùn

Pinus mugo

Mountain pine, Pinus pumilio

Pinaceae · Lá kim · Needles · Steam-distilled

Pine (dwarf) essential oil (Pinus mugo) — botanical illustration
Pinus mugo

Safety

Skin sensitization · Caution

δ-3-Carene high, oxidation products more clearly sensitizing than other pines.

Some reports of contact dermatitis.

Proper storage essential.


Usage guidelines

Maximum dermal level
0.4 percent
Storage
Dark, sealed, refrigerated; add antioxidant

Chemistry

Volatile constituents
δ-3-Carene20.0 – 35.0 %
α-Pinene10.0 – 25.0 %
β-Pinene5.0 – 15.0 %
(+)-Limonene3.0 – 10.0 %

Botanical source

Pinus mugo grows in the Alps and Carpathians, a low shrub at altitudes of 1,500-2,500m.

Main production: Austria, Italy.

Family Pinaceae.


Notes

'Alpine' pine aroma, fresh, balsamic, with a faint menthol note.