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Cảo, Vân hương
Ruta graveolens
Ruta Montana
2-Undecanone comprises 47-49 percent. Can cause miscarriage, historical fatalities from oral use as abortifacient documented.
Furocoumarins (angelicin, methoxsalen, isopimpinellin, bergapten, psoralen), strongly phototoxic.
STRICTLY CONTRAINDICATED in pregnancy and breastfeeding, by all routes.
Not recommended for dermal use in cosmetics.
Avoid all sun exposure if contact occurs.
| 2-Undecanone | 46.8 – 49.2 % |
| 2-Nonanone | 18.8 – 24.7 % |
| 2-Nonyl acetate | 1.0 – 6.2 % |
| Methyl salicylate | 0.5 – 3.9 % |
| 2-Decanone | 1.0 – 2.8 % |
| (+)-Limonene | 0.5 – 3.0 % |
| Angelicin | 0.043 % |
| Methoxsalen | 0.032 % |
| Isopimpinellin | 0.02 % |
| Bergapten | 0.018 % |
| Psoralen | 0.015 % |
Ruta graveolens is a Mediterranean herb with a long history of ancient medicinal and culinary use. The Latin 'ruta' means 'bitterness', reflecting its taste.
In ancient culture, rue was considered the 'herb of grace', a symbol of protection from evil. Also used as a digestive remedy and gynecological agent, with high risks.
Family Rutaceae, same family as citrus.
Listed primarily as a warning, not used in mainstream cosmetics.
Rue essential oil has an unfortunate poisoning history, typically from self-treatment.