クベブ
Tiêu Cubeb, Tiêu lá lốt
Piper cubeba
Java pepper, Tailed pepper, False pepper
Potentially carcinogenic based on α-asarone content.
Maximum adult oral dose 243 mg daily. Maximum dermal use level 7.5 percent.
Basis: 0.1 percent safrole and 3.7 percent α-asarone, with safrole limits of 0.05 percent dermal and 0.025 mg per kg oral, and α-asarone limits of 0.33 percent dermal and 0.15 mg per kg oral.
No irritation or sensitization at 8 percent test level. Non-phototoxic.
| Sabinene | 2.1 – 28.1 % |
| Cubebol | 8.9 – 15.2 % |
| α-Copaene | 4.0 – 14.3 % |
| β-Cubebene | 4.4 – 11.0 % |
| δ-Cadinene | tr – 9.5 % |
| α-Cubebene | 1.6 – 8.5 % |
| α-Pinene | 1.3 – 5.4 % |
| γ-Humulene | 4.4 – 4.9 % |
| (+)-Limonene | 0.1 – 4.4 % |
| α-Asarone | 0.9 – 3.7 % |
| Nerolidol | 1.4 – 3.5 % |
| Safrole | 0 – 0.1 % |
Piper cubeba is a tropical Asian climbing vine (Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India). The small fruits resemble peppercorns but carry a small 'tail', the remaining stalk.
In traditional medicine used for urinary tract inflammation and venereal disease. In perfumery, cubeb provides a dry, cool pepper note.
Family Piperaceae. Same family as black pepper (Piper nigrum) and betel.
May be adulterated with oils from other Piper species, Peruvian pepper oil, or rectified clove sesquiterpene fractions.