Grapefruit

Low-level phototoxic.

Dermal contraindication: if applied above maximum use level, skin must not be exposed to sunlight or UV for 12 hours.

Maximum dermal use level 4 percent per IFRA.

GRAS status. Oxidation products of (+)-limonene may sensitize skin. Store in dark, sealed, refrigerated container.

The drug interactions of grapefruit juice (due to the furocoumarin 6,7-dihydroxybergamottin) do NOT apply to the essential oil, DHB is not in the oil. Bergamottin and bergapten in the oil inhibit CYP3A4 weakly and at non-interactive concentrations.

Likely not hazardous in pregnancy based on (+)-limonene data.

Citrus × paradisi is a hybrid of pomelo (Citrus maxima) and sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), developed in Barbados in the 18th century.

The oil is cold-pressed from the fruit peel. Produced mainly in Florida, Texas, California, Israel, Cuba and Argentina.

Family Rutaceae. Phototoxic due to bergapten and other furocoumarins.

May be adulterated with orange terpenes or purified limonene.