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Bergamot (wild)

Cam Bergamot hoang

Monarda fistulosa var. menthaefolia

Horsemint, Monarda menthaefolia

Lamiaceae · Toàn cây có hoa · Flowering plant · Steam-distilled

Botanical illustration of Monarda fistulosa var. menthaefolia; whole flowering plant used to extract Bergamot (wild) essential oil
Bergamot (wild) essential oil, extracted from the whole flowering plant of Monarda fistulosa var. menthaefolia. Botanical illustration, Lê Mai Library.

Safety

Skin sensitization · Low risk

Theoretical drug interaction via CYP2B6, as citral and geraniol inhibit this enzyme. Consult a physician for oral use with drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.

Low risk of skin sensitization.

Maximum dermal use level 5.7 percent, based on 93.2 percent geraniol and a dermal limit of 5.3 percent for geraniol.


Usage guidelines

Maximum dermal level
5.7 percent
Basis
Geraniol 93.2 percent
Drug interactions
Theoretical, via CYP2B6

Chemistry

Volatile constituents
Geraniol86.8 – 93.2 %
Linalool0.8 – 3.1 %
Neral1.4 – 2.0 %
γ-Terpinene0 – 1.8 %
Geranial1.2 – 1.6 %
Nerol0.8 – 1.4 %
β-Myrcene0 – 1.3 %
1-Octen-3-ol0.2 – 1.1 %

Botanical source

Monarda fistulosa var. menthaefolia is the geraniol-rich variety of wild bergamot, native to North American prairies. Folk name horsemint.

Same genus Monarda as bee balm (Monarda didyma) but markedly different chemistry, bee balm is linalool-rich, wild bergamot is geraniol-rich.

Family Lamiaceae. Limited availability.