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Cade (rectified)

Cade, đã tinh chế

Juniperus oxycedrus

Juniper tar (rectified)

Cupressaceae · Gỗ · Wood · Destructive distillation, then rectified

Botanical illustration of Juniperus oxycedrus; wood used to extract Cade (rectified) essential oil
Cade (rectified) essential oil, extracted from the wood of Juniperus oxycedrus. Botanical illustration, Lê Mai Library.

Safety

Toxicity · Use rectified only

Toxicity. Only the rectified version is regulation-compliant.

Should not be taken orally.

Benzo[a]pyrene, a carcinogenic polynuclear hydrocarbon, may be present in rectified cade oil at up to 20 ppb. This level is lower than that found in some foodstuffs.

Usage guidelines

Oral use
Not recommended
PAH threshold
Total below 1 ppb in finished product (IFRA)

Chemistry

Volatile constituents
δ-CadinenePrincipal constituent
α-Cedrene< 15.0 %
β-CaryophylleneUndetermined
γ-MuuroleneUndetermined

Botanical source

Cade is the name of the oil. The source plant is Juniperus oxycedrus, called 'prickly juniper' in English.

Produced by destructive distillation without water or steam. This causes the wood to burn, producing polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the crude oil.

As the essential oil in the wood distils over, it is followed by a tar-like material which dissolves in it. Commercial cade oil is a mixture of both. The rectification process removes most of the carcinogenic PAHs.

Notes

Cade and birch tar are the only essential oils produced by destructive distillation. Burning organic material, juniper wood or tobacco leaves, generally produces carcinogenic PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene, the same class found in cigarette smoke.

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