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Pinus nigra
European black pine
α-Pinene and δ-3-carene oxidation products may sensitize skin.
Store in dark, sealed, refrigerated container with antioxidant.
No data indicates hazard in pregnancy.
| α-Pinene | 30.0 – 50.0 % |
| β-Pinene | 15.0 – 30.0 % |
| δ-3-Carene | 5.0 – 15.0 % |
| (+)-Limonene | 2.0 – 8.0 % |
| Bornyl acetate | 1.0 – 5.0 % |
Pinus nigra grows across southern Europe, Austria, Italy, Greece, Spain.
Family Pinaceae.
Classical pine aroma, sharp and resinous.