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Pine (black)

Thông đen

Pinus nigra

European black pine

Pinaceae · Lá kim · Needles · Steam-distilled


Pine (black) essential oil (Pinus nigra) — botanical illustration
Pinus nigra

Safety

Skin sensitization if oxidized

α-Pinene and δ-3-carene oxidation products may sensitize skin.

Store in dark, sealed, refrigerated container with antioxidant.

No data indicates hazard in pregnancy.


Usage guidelines

Storage
Dark, sealed, refrigerated; add antioxidant

Chemistry

Volatile constituents
α-Pinene30.0 – 50.0 %
β-Pinene15.0 – 30.0 %
δ-3-Carene5.0 – 15.0 %
(+)-Limonene2.0 – 8.0 %
Bornyl acetate1.0 – 5.0 %

Botanical source

Pinus nigra grows across southern Europe, Austria, Italy, Greece, Spain.

Family Pinaceae.


Notes

Classical pine aroma, sharp and resinous.