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Muscone

3-Methylcyclopentadecan-1-one

Muscone, l-Muscone, 3-Methylcyclopentadecanone, Methylexaltone

Macrocyclic ketone · C₁₆H₃₀O

Chemical structure of Muscone
2D structure PubChem / NCI CIR

Chemical info

CAS number CAS
541-91-3
Molecular formula
C₁₆H₃₀O
Molecular weight
238.41 g/mol
Introduced
1906 (isolated); 1926 (structure) · Heinrich Walbaum (isolation); Leopold Ružička (structure)
Origin
Nature-identical
Odor family
Musk
Note
Base
Aroma
Warm, soft musk with a milky, powdery sweetness and a faint animal skin nuance at the base.

History

Muscone is the key odorant of deer musk from Moschus species. Heinrich Walbaum isolated it in 1906. In 1926 Leopold Ružička showed that muscone is a 15-membered ring ketone, a result that changed how chemists viewed large rings; he received the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on polymethylenes and terpenes.

Natural muscone is the (R) enantiomer, often called l-muscone. Commercial muscone is synthetic, either racemic or enriched in one enantiomer.

In perfumery

Muscone is used at low levels to add warmth and roundness to the base, often alongside other macrocyclic musks. It costs more than most synthetic musks and is therefore found mainly in fine fragrance rather than in household products. It stands in for natural deer musk, a material now controlled under CITES.

Connections

Evokesmusk deer musk
Found in natureMusk deer musk (Moschus spp.)

Regulatory status

Unrestricted · No IFRA standard
IFRA 51
No dedicated IFRA Standard in the 51st Amendment index.
EU allergen 2023/1545
Not named individually in the expanded allergen list of Regulation 2023/1545.

Sources

  1. NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver, CAS 541-91-3 (formula, names)
  2. Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939, Leopold Ružička (work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes)
  3. Sell C.S. (ed.) The Chemistry of Fragrances: From Perfumer to Consumer, 2nd ed., Royal Society of Chemistry 2006
  4. The Good Scents Company Information System, material entries
  5. IFRA Standards, 51st Amendment: Index of IFRA Standards (notified 30 June 2023)
  6. Wikidata Q27291190: (−)-muscone, CAS 10403-00-6