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Musk xylene

1-tert-Butyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

Musk xylene, Musk xylol, 5-tert-Butyl-2,4,6-trinitro-m-xylene

Nitro musk · C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆

Chemical structure of Musk xylene
2D structure PubChem / NCI CIR

Chemical info

CAS number CAS
81-15-2
Molecular formula
C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆
Molecular weight
297.27 g/mol
Introduced
1890s · Albert Baur (nitro musk series)
Origin
Synthetic
Odor family
Musk
Note
Base
Aroma
Sweet, powdery, slightly milky musk (historical description).

History

Musk xylene was one of the earliest and cheapest nitro musks and was used in very large volumes in soap and detergent throughout the 20th century.

In 2008 ECHA placed musk xylene on the Candidate List of substances of very high concern (SVHC) as very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB). It was later added to REACH Annex XIV, meaning use in the EU requires authorisation. IFRA issued a Prohibition Standard, published 2009.

In perfumery

Musk xylene is no longer used in fragrance under IFRA. It is a standard example of a molecule phased out for environmental reasons.

Regulatory status

vPvB · SVHC · IFRA prohibited
IFRA 51
Prohibition (Prohibition Standard, published 2009).
ECHA
SVHC (vPvB) on the Candidate List since 2008; listed in REACH Annex XIV, use in the EU requires authorisation.
EU CosReg
Still in Annex III, entry 96, all products except oral: maximum 1.0% in fine fragrance, 0.4% in eau de toilette, 0.03% in other products. Use in the EU is also subject to REACH authorisation.
EU allergen 2023/1545
Not named individually in the expanded allergen list of Regulation 2023/1545.

Sources

  1. NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver, CAS 81-15-2 (formula, names)
  2. IFRA Standards, 51st Amendment: Index of IFRA Standards (notified 30 June 2023)
  3. ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for authorisation
  4. ECHA, Authorisation List (REACH Annex XIV)
  5. Sell C.S. (ed.) The Chemistry of Fragrances: From Perfumer to Consumer, 2nd ed., Royal Society of Chemistry 2006