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Galaxolide

4,6,6,7,8,8-Hexamethyl-1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[g]isochromene

Galaxolide, Abbalide, Pearlide, HHCB, Hexamethylindanopyran

Polycyclic musk (isochroman) · C₁₈H₂₆O

Chemical structure of Galaxolide
2D structure PubChem / NCI CIR

Chemical info

CAS number CAS
1222-05-5
Molecular formula
C₁₈H₂₆O
Molecular weight
258.40 g/mol
Introduced
1965 · IFF
Origin
Synthetic
Odor family
Musk
Note
Base
Aroma
Clean, sweet musk with floral and woody touches, the smell of freshly laundered cloth.

History

Galaxolide (HHCB) was discovered by IFF chemists in 1965 and soon became the most used synthetic musk in the world. It is cheap, stable in alkaline media and has a clean smell, which suits soap and detergent.

From the 1990s HHCB was detected in wastewater, sludge and aquatic organisms, leading to several environmental assessments in Europe and North America. This pushed the industry gradually toward macrocyclic and more degradable alicyclic musks.

In perfumery

Galaxolide is usually sold diluted in a solvent such as isopropyl myristate or benzyl benzoate; the strength varies by supplier. It is a musk base in perfume, soap, fabric softener and detergent, sometimes at a large share of the formula.

Regulatory status

EU listed allergen · Environmentally persistent
IFRA 51
No dedicated IFRA Standard in the 51st Amendment index.
EU allergen 2023/1545
Hexamethylindanopyran is on the added allergen list; must be named on the label above 0.001% (leave-on) or 0.01% (rinse-off).

Sources

  1. NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver, CAS 1222-05-5 (formula, names)
  2. Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/1545 amending Reg. (EC) 1223/2009 as regards labelling of fragrance allergens
  3. Cosmeservice, list of the 56 entries added by Regulation (EU) 2023/1545
  4. Sell C.S. (ed.) The Chemistry of Fragrances: From Perfumer to Consumer, 2nd ed., Royal Society of Chemistry 2006
  5. The Good Scents Company Information System, material entries
  6. IFRA Standards, 51st Amendment: Index of IFRA Standards (notified 30 June 2023)